6704223018 ^ a b Calvert, James B. p.280. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1932.tb02344.x. Authority control GND: 4172975-4 . Mathematical conditions for feedback oscillations, now called the Barkhausen criterion, were derived by Heinrich Georg Barkhausen in 1921. ^ a b Hong 2003, p.13 ^ Hong 2003, p.5 ^ Hong 2003, pp.67 ^ a b Hijiya, James A.
^ a b Snelgrove, Martin (2011). The negative resistance oscillator model is not limited to one-port devices like diodes; feedback oscillator circuits with two-port amplifying devices such as transistors and tubes also have negative resistance.[4][5][6] At high frequencies, transistors and FETs do not need a feedback loop, but with certain loads applied to one port can become unstable at the other port and show negative resistance due to internal feedback, causing them to oscillate.[4][5][7] So high frequency oscillators in general are designed using negative resistance techniques.[4][5][6]. doi:10.1109/jrproc.1915.216677. He attached an LC circuit to the electrodes of an arc lamp, and the negative resistance of the arc excited audio frequency oscillations in the tuned circuit at its resonant frequency.[11] Some of the energy was radiated as sound waves by the arc, producing a musical tone. USA: Artech House. Ulrich Rohde, Ajay Poddar, and Georg Bock, The Design of Modern Microwave Oscillators for Wireless Applications: Theory and Optimization, (543-pages) John Wiley & Sons, 2005, ISBN 0-471-72342-8. They are also used in voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs), inverters and switching power supplies, dual slope analog to digital converters (ADCs), and in function generators to generate square and triangle waves for testing equipment. There are two main types of electronic oscillator: the linear or harmonic oscillator and the nonlinear or relaxation oscillator.[2][3]. Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)[edit].
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